The Role of VDR Gene Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Supplementation

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The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a nuclear transcriptional regulator that activates by binding to 1a,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1a,25(OH)2D), known as calcitriol, which forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Calcitriol signalling regulates a variety of biological processes, including calcium and metabolism of phosphorous, parathormone release cell proliferation, and the control of innate and adaptive immunity.

A T > C base change in the promoter region of the VDR variant rs11568820 obliterates the binding site for the transcription factor Cdx2 downstream of exon 1e. This results to the production of a less sized protein with reduced transcriptional activity. The F variant is found in high frequency among Asians and Europeans and in low frequencies among Sub-Saharan Africans.

The findings of this study advance our understanding of the role VDR gene polymorphisms might influence the response to diet supplementation with calcium calcitriol. Carriers of the TaqI and FF genotypes of the FokI polymorphisms have greater transcriptional activation, and are associated with higher calcium absorption, increased bone mineral density, and a decreased chance of fractures. To increase our understanding of the role these genetic variants have in vitamin D supplementation We must conduct more research using a homogeneous design.

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